The confluence of the Colorado and Little Colorado rivers in the Grand Canyon has been a place of deep cultural significance since time immemorial for 11 associated tribes (Havasupai, Hopi, Hualapai, Kaibab Band of Paiute, Las Vegas Band of Paiute, Moapa Band of Paiute, Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah, San Juan Southern Paiute Tribe, The Pueblo of Zuni, Yavapai-Apache Nation, and Navajo Nation). Developers first began targeting the confluence in 2009 with plans to build a mega-resort called Grand Canyon Escalade that would have brought up to 10,000 visitors a day to this remote part of the canyon. The Save the Confluence coalition of local Navajo families stopped the Escalade development in 2017. On the heels of that victory, however, new developers submitted applications to the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) to build three hydroelectric dams on Navajo land just up the Little Colorado River Gorge from the confluence.
The proposed pump hydroelectric dam projects are a direct affront to tribal sovereignty. They threaten many cultural and historical sites of the tribes affiliated with the Grand Canyon, including the Hopi place of emergence. No homeowners, grazing permittees, communities, the Navajo tribe or tribes were consulted on the preliminary dam permits. The dams would also severely threaten the ecological and environmental well-being of the Colorado River and its tributaries, including critical habitat for the endangered humpback chub that spawns in the Little Colorado River’s warm, turquoise-blue waters. One of the dams, the Big Canyon Dam, would pump precious groundwater in a region currently facing severe drought. In other words, the Little Colorado River Gorge is the wrong place for dams.
The Hualapai Tribe, Hopi Tribe, Navajo Nation, and many tribal community members objected to the developer’s efforts to bypass tribal sovereignty and obtain federal approval for a controversial development on the Navajo Nation. In a motion to intervene, the Navajo Nation reminded FERC that the developer had not sought or obtained the consent of the Navajo Nation, local chapters, or community members.
The three dam proposals should be cancelled, either by FERC or by the developer. However, without permanent safeguards for the lower Little Colorado River that honor tribal sovereignty and respect cultural sites, what is to stop a future proposal from another outside developer?
The Save the Confluence coalition is seeking permanent safeguards for the lower Little Colorado River that honor tribal sovereignty, respect cultural sites, and support local economic development from the communities. Protection could come in the form of federal or Navajo Nation legislation. However, it is critical that FERC’s processes are changed to incorporate free, prior, and informed consent in the initial stages of a project development.
Speakers
Delores Wilson-Aguirre:
Delores grew up with her extended family of mobile shepherds, high above the confluence of the Colorado River at Grand Canyon East Rim. Her family moved there during the winter, named Tsah Tah, or “Among the Sagebrush.” Currently, she lives in Tuba City, AZ, and recently retired from the Navajo Nation Judicial Branch. Her family fought against relentless developers, who proposed a tram into the canyon, for five years to Save the Confluence. And with the support of the world, on October 31 2017, the Navajo Nation Council voted down the Grand Canyon Escalade legislation.
Willie LongReed:
Willie is a retired High School Biology teacher from Tuba City, AZ. His home is an area west of Tuba City called Bodaway, on the east side of the Grand Canyon North Rim, where the Little Colorado and Colorado Rivers come together. His religious beliefs are based in Navajo Culture and Traditions and have provided mental and spiritual strength throughout his life and studies. He studied in Stanford University and got his Masters in Secondary Education. He returned home and has taught in the Tuba City Unified School District for 30 years. Three years after retirement, he became a school board member where he tried to be a listener and problem solver, rather than dictating to the teachers and staff. In 2007, an outside developer from Phoenix wanted 400 acres of land at the confluence of the Little Colorado and the Colorado rivers. They wanted to develop a tourist resort which would have destroyed a sacred site for the Bodaway Dine’. After a decade of resistance, the Save the Confluence families managed to keep the land. The Navajo Nation Council voted almost unanimously to reject the development. Today the families are tasked in keeping another developer from building a dam on the Little Colorado River.
